The end of internal warfare in Norman England permitted the precincts from the castle to turn out to be much less restricted without loss of security. At the close from the thirteenth as well as the beginning of the fourteenth century the connection in between France and England was really intimate. The French language was spoken by the upper classes in both countries; and as to manners and customs in general, and their gardens, fountains and statuary in specific, the same fashions prevailed, despite the fact that the French have been somewhat more advanced than the English, especially when it came to water fountains. Frequently at home there was leisure to give attention to domestic comfort and to engage in the peaceful contests of chivalry, and enhance the basic functionality with the outdoor fountains. Then the castle, becoming much more than a bare fortress, was treated as a commodious residence for the lord and the tiny court of retainers living under his protection.
The description of a French garden within the twelfth century would answer for an English a single throughout the two following centuries; the basics of the fountain, fragrant plants, and adorned with statuary. During this era, the pleasure back garden (developing from the terrace walk containing small collections of herbs) began to enjoy a less precarious existence, and extravagance in fountains and décor was accepted. In France, earlier than in England, its form became much more clearly defined, and, by covering more area, answered more varied requirements, and leading to ever larger fountains, statuary, and garden planters.
In the twelfth century the garden was habitually situated outside the main entrance, and was entered through the castle by a secret door inside the fortifications. A wall, if the garden was in the courtyard, surrounded it. These low walls, often hosting drinking water sall fountains, had been built in three parts to form a grass-covered seat, an ideal setting for intimate conversations. In a corner, a fountain inside the Gothic style frequently served to water the parterre and the greensward. At times a round flowerbed may be found within the middle with the fountains. About the sides were cradle-shaped tunnels and trelliswork fastened towards the walls. At times a labyrinth, or house of Daedalus, twisted its tangled paths in conflicting directions.
Flowers. grown in garden planters on the wall, brightened the enclosures. Numerous trees, clipped into balls, gave shade and freshness for the air. The ingenuity with the gardener, like that from the topiarius of ancient Rome, was exercised in clipping the shrubs to give them geometric forms. Finally, when the space permitted, there was a tiny back garden pond for fish and swans. Great luxuries had been to have an aviary for game-birds close by, and several peacocks strutting about under the eyes with the guests.
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